ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢ 8 įĢ 9 įĢ
ã¸ã§ã¤ã ãēãģã¸ã§ã¤ãŗããģããŠããˇãĨ
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã¨ã¯ãããŠã¤čĒã§ããįĨãŽåãĢããŖãĻãã¨ããæåŗã§ããåŊŧãŽåĨäģã¯ãžããĢããã įĨãŽåãĢããŖãĻåŽčĄãããããŽã§ãããé č¨č ããĄãŽååã¯å¤§æĩãŽå ´åãįĨãåŽããããŽäēēãŽåĨäģãŽįšåž´ãæãã襨įžããĻããžãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã¯ãåãã¤ãļã¤ãĢããŖãĻé č¨ãããåžãĢã¨ãŦãã¤ãé č¨ããããããŗæåãŽå°æĨãŽį´åžãĢįģå ´ããžãããããã¯æįĩįãĢã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãŽæäģŖãĢå§ãžãŖããŽã§ããæ°ãæãæšããĒããã°æĨãã¨č¨ãããĻãããããŽčŖããåŽéãĢå§ãžãŖãĻãããŽã§ããããã¯ã¯ãŖããã¨įĨãŽčŖãã¨ããĻå§ãžãŖããŽã§ãããäēēã ã¯ãããįĨãŽčŖãã§ã¯ãĒãã¨åĻåŽããĻããžãããããšãĻãŽãã¨ãčĄã芰ãŖãĻããžããããäēēã ã¯ååŠãæĨãã¨ä¸ģåŧĩãįļããĻãããŽã§ããããã¯äģæĨãŽįļæ ãĢäŧŧãĻããžãããåĸããŽããæäŧ(The Unstoppable Church)ãīŧããæŖįĸēãĢäģãŽįļæ ãč¨ã襨ããĒãâåĸããŽãããĸãšã¯âã§ããīŧã¨ãããããĒæŦãããŖããããžããåŊŧããŽäŊã¯åŽéãĢã¯éį ãĢãããŖãĻãããŽãĢãčĒåãŽäŊãĢ寞ããĻåãäģããĻãããããĒããŽãĒãŽã§ããäēēã ã¯åį´ãĢãäēåŽãĢįŽãåãããããžãããã¤ãļã¤ãã¨ãŦãã¤ãæåããįžåŽãĢčĩˇããã¨äēåããĻãããã¨ããčĒãããããĒããŽã§ãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã¯įĨãŽčŖãã¯įļįļãããžããžãæĒããĒãã¨äēåããžãããããŽįįąã¯æ°ãŽįŊĒãįļįļãããããĢæĒããĒãŖãĻããããã§ããåŊŧãã¯įĨãŽčŖããæĨãĻãããŽãčĻãĻããæãæšãããã¨ãããĒããŖããŽã§ãããžããããŽãã¨ã¯éģį¤ēé˛ãŽä¸ã§ããģãŽãããããĻããžããįĨãŽčŖããé ģįšãĢãĒããæŋãããĒãŖãĻããĻããäēēã¯åŋãããããĒãĢããįĨãåĒããįŊĒãĢã¨ãŠãžãŖãã¨ãããžããã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãŽæäģŖãĢãããã§ãããįĩãããŽæäģŖãĢããããĒããŽã§ããã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã¯éģį¤ēé˛ã¨æˇąãéĸéŖããããåããã¨ãį¤ēããĻããžãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢ 9 įĢ 4 į¯ãä¸ģã¯åŊŧãĢããäģ°ããããããįēãŽä¸ãã¨ãĢãĩãŦã ãŽä¸ãčĄãåˇĄããããŽįēã§čĄãĒãããĻããããšãĻãŽåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãŽãããĢåããæ˛ããã§ããäēēã ãŽéĄãĢããããã¤ãããããčŖããå§ãžãåãĢãįĨãŽåŽļãįĨãŽįēãŽä¸ã§čĄãããĻããåŋãŋãããšãããŽãčĻãäēēããĄãããžãããžããįĨã¯č¨ãããžãããæŦåŊãĢį§ãŽããŽã§ããč ããĄãĢããããã¤ãããééãŖãĻãããã¨ãčĻãĻãäŊãééãŖãĻããããįč§ŖããåããĻããč ãĢããããã¤ãããčŖããæĨãåãĢããããã¤ãããŽã ãã
ããžãį§ã¯čĻããããã˛ã¨ããŽåžĄäŊŋãããįããįĨãŽå°ãæãŖãĻãæĨãŽåēããģãããä¸ãŖ
ãĻæĨããåŊŧã¯ãå°ããæĩˇãããããĒã樊å¨ãä¸ããããåäēēãŽåžĄäŊŋãããĄãĢã大åŖ°ã§åĢã
ã§č¨ãŖãããį§ããĄãįĨãŽãããšããĄãŽéĄãĢå°ãæŧããĻããžããžã§ãå°ãĢãæĩˇãĢãæ¨ãĢãåŽŗãä¸ããĻã¯ãããĒããããīŧéģį¤ēé˛ 7 įĢ 2 į¯īŧ3 į¯īŧéģį¤ēé˛ 13 įĢ ãĢčŗãŖãĻã¯ãįŖãŽããããĢéĸããĻæ¸ãããĻãããä¸ģãŽä¸ãããããããã¨įŖãŽãããã¯ãäēããĢæäģįã§ããã¨ãããã¨ãåãããžãã
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ãĢčļŗãäģãããããĒåŊĸãĢæ¸ãããžããããããæåäģĨåãŽã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢã§ã¯åžããååãŽãããĢæ¸ãããĻããĻãããããããŽååã¯į´įĢãŽååã§ãããããããŖãĻãã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãŽæäģŖãŽįĨãŽãããã¯åŽéãĢååæļãŽãããã ãŖããŽã§ãã
éģį¤ēé˛ 9 įĢ 4 į¯ããããĻåŊŧãã¯ãå°ãŽčãããšãĻãŽéčããããšãĻãŽæ¨ãĢã¯åŽŗãå ããĒãã§ããã ãéĄãĢįĨãŽå°ãæŧãããĻããĒãäēēéãĢã ãåŽŗãå ãããããĢč¨ãæ¸Ąãããããããä¸åēĻãįĨãŽčŖããæĨãåãĢåŊŧãŽæ°ãĢã¯ããããã¤ããããžããæäŧã¯æŖéŖãĢå ĨããžãããããŽæãé ˇãįļæŗããã¯æãåēããããŽã§ããããããĒãããããŽä¸ãŽããææã¯čãåŋãŗãä¸ģãĢããããã¤ããããäŊãããŽãããĄã§åŽããããŽã§ããįĩæĢãĢįģå ´ãã 14 ä¸ 4 åäēēãŽåĨäģč ããĄã¯ãįĸēåŽãĢä¸ģãŽããããæãŖãĻããžããã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽååĢããĄã¯ã¨ã¸ãããĢãããĻčŖããŽå¤§åãįĩé¨ããžãããåēã¨ã¸ããã§č¨ãããĻããåãčŖããããŽä¸ãŽįĩãããĢåįžãããžãããããĻãããã¯éģį¤ēé˛ã§čĩˇãããã¨ãŽä¸ģãĒäēåãĒãŽã§ããæéãæ°´ãæã¤ãã¨ãĒãŠãããã§ãããããŠã¤äēēããĄã¯ããé¨åã¯įĩé¨ããžããããæãé ˇãä¸ããã¯æãåēãããžãããããã¨åããã¨ãä¸ãŽįĩãããĢãčĩˇãããžããįĨã¯ãčĒåãŽæ°ãĢããããã¤ãããŽã§ãã
ä¸ģãŽãããã¨ããčãã¯ãããĄããéģį¤ēé˛ããå§ãžãŖããã¨ã§ã¯ãĒããã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã§ãããĒããããŧãŠãŧããã§ãããåēã¨ã¸ããã§č¨åãããĻããžããåēã¨ã¸ãã 13 įĢ 9 į¯ããããããĒããŽæãŽä¸ãŽãããã¨ãããžãããĒããŽéĄãŽä¸ãŽč¨åŋĩã¨ããĒãããããã¯ä¸ģãŽããããããĒããŽåŖãĢããããã§ãããä¸ģãååŧˇãåžĄæã§ãããĒããã¨ã¸ããããéŖãåēãããããã§ãããã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãĢæģãŖãĻãŋãžããããčŖããããŖãĻæĨãåãĢãåŋãŋããããšãããŽã¨ããŽæĒã¨ãčĻãĻãåãč ããĄã¯âããŽåŋãįåŽãĢįĨãŽããŽã¨ãĒãŖãĻããč ããĄã¯âååæļãŽããããäģããããžããããžãéģį¤ēé˛ã§ã¯ãåŋãŋããããšãããŽãčĻãĻãåãč ããĄãĢååæļãŽããããã¤ãããããŽã§ãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãŽæäģŖãĢããŽčŖãã¯å§ãžãŖãĻããžãããæåãéå§ãããĻãããĢããããããã
æ°ã¯ãããããã į§ããĄã¯ä¸æįãĢįæãč˛ ãŖãĻããã ãã ãéˇįļãã¯ããĒãããã¨č¨ãŖãĻ
ããžããããåŽéã¯ããããĢãããļãĢã¯ãĻãã¤ã 4 åãĢåããĻäžĩæģããããŽåēĻãĢįĩæã¯ã˛ãŠãããŽã¨ãĒãŖãĻãããŽã§ããããã¯ããããæĒãŽæŗĸãæŦĄã ã¨æĨããããĢãå ãĢããŖãããŽããæĒããĒããŽã§ããããŽãããĢįĨãŽčŖãã¯æĨãžããããããįĨãŽæ°ã¯ããããã¤ããããžããåŊŧãã¯įåŽãĢįĨãŽããŽãĒãŽã§ãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãŽåšģã¯ä¸ģãĢįĨæŽŋå¨čžēãĢéĸããĻã§ãããã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢ 47 įĢ ã¯ååš´įåŊãŽåšģã§ããããããŠã¤čĒã§ããˇã ãĢãģãã¤ããģããģãˇã§ã¤ããŧ(Simchat beit Ha Shoyivah)ãã¨åŧã°ããįĨæŽŋãŽä¸ã§æ°´ãæŗ¨ãåēãååŧãčæ¯ãĢããĻããžããããã¯ããģãšãŗãã(Ha Succoth)ã¨åŧã°ããäģŽåēĩįĨãįĨãããĻããã¨ãã§ãããã¨ãã 7 įĢ ãããŽãã¨ãį¤ēåããĻããĻãããŽæåŗã¯ãã¤ãååš´įåŊãĢã¤ããĻã§ããã
į§ã¯ããĨãŧã¨ã¤ã¸âã¯ãĒãšããŖãŗâã§ãããããĒãã¯ãģããŖã¯ãŊãŗ(Patrick Dixon)ãæčãŽå¤åããįļæ ãĢã¤ããĻ芹ããĻãããŽãčããžãããåŊŧãč¨ããĢã¯ãčæ¸ãŽä¸ã§ãã¤ãįĨãŽč¨å¨ãįžããã¨ããäēēã ã¯įæ§ãå¤ąããæŽæŽĩã¨ã¯éãŖãæčãĢå Ĩãã¨č¨ãŖãĻããžãããããã¯ãããŗããģããŦããˇãŗã°(Toronto Blessing)ãĒãŠãåãå Ĩãããã¨ãåēæĨãã¨ããåŊŧãŽåŧčˇãĒãŽã§ããããŽäžã¨ããĻãåŊŧã¯ããããã¤ã¨ãšãŽåąąã§å§ŋãå¤ããŖããã¨ãåãä¸ããåŊŧã¯åšåąãäŊãããã¨ããæãã§ãããããĒãã¨ãčããã¨č¨ãŖãĻããžããããŖã¯ãŊãŗã¯ãããã°ããããã¨ã¨čããĻãããŽã§ããį§ã¯åŊŧãĢæŦĄãŽãã¨ãį¤ēããããã¯äŊãã°ããããã¨ã§ã¯ãĒãã¨ææããžãããã¤ãžããããã¯ããŽå¤č˛ãããĻãã¤äēēãŽįĨãã§ããäģŽåēĩįĨãŽãĄãˇãĸãĢããæå°ąã ã¨čããĻãããŽã§ãããĸãŧãģã¨ã¨ãĒã¤ããĄãˇãĸã¨å ąãĢããŽå§ŋãå¤ãããããŽã§ãäŊãã°ããããã¨ã§ã¯ãĒãããããã¯ãããååš´įåŊãŽå°æĨã ã¨čãããŽã§ããæãããĢããŖã¯ãŊãŗã¯ããŽãã¨ãä¸åēĻãčãããã¨ããĒãããã§ãããããŽæčãĢãããĻãããããŽčĄįēã¯å ¨ãįæ§įãĒããŽã ãŖããŽã§ããåŊŧã¯į§ãĢããŠãããĻããč¨ãããŽãīŧããĒãã¯ãããĢãããŽãīŧãããã¨čŠąãããã¨ããããŽãīŧãã¨ããčŗĒåãããŖãĻįããĻããžãããį§ã¯ãããĢ寞ããĻããį§ã¯įŦŦäēįĨæŽŋæãŽäģŽåēĩįĨãŽãĄãˇãĸįãĒčąĄåž´ããŠãŽããã§ããŖãããįĨãŖãĻãããã¨č¨ããžããããããĢ寞ããĻã¯ããŖã¯ãŊãŗãčŋãč¨čãįĄããŖãããã§ãããããŽãããĢįžäģŖã¯ãŠãããĻããããžããžãĒæ¯ã大ããĒéãĢå ĨãŖãĻãããããĒįļæ ãĒãŽã§ãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãŽįĨæŽŋīŧãįĨæŽŋãŽčąĄåž´(The Typology of the Temple)ããŽããŧãã§ã¯ããŽãĒãˇã¤čĒã¨ãããŠã¤čĒãĢãããĻå°ãĒãã¨ãä¸įŽæã§âįĨæŽŋâãĢéĸããåčĒãããĒãš(naos)ããĒã¤ãŗãš
(oikos)ããã¨ããŗ(hieron)ããšããģããˇãĨãĢãŗ(beth mishkan)ããããģãã°ããˇãĨ(beth
migdash)ãããģããĢãĢ(Ha Hekal)ãããããč˛ã ãĒįŽæã§æäŧãŽčąĄåž´ã¨ããĻį¨ããããĻãããã¨ãčŠŗããæããĻããžãããããĻäžãã°ãīŧããã 2 įĢ 5 į¯ã§ã¯ãããĒããããįããįŗã¨ããĻãéãŽåŽļãĢį¯ãä¸ããããĒããããã¨ããããŗãĒãŗãäēēã¸ãŽæį´ã§ã¯æäŧã¯įĨæŽŋ
ã¨åŧã°ããĻãããã¨ããŊäēēã¸ãŽæį´ãŽ 2 įĢ ãģ4 įĢ ã§ã¯įĨæŽŋã¯æäŧãŽčąĄåž´ã§ãããžããäŊŋåžãŽåãã§ã¯ããããŽåšåąãåģēãĻį´ããã¨ãčĒãããĻããĻãããã¯ãĸãĸãšæ¸ãŽãããŽæĨããããã¯ããããŽåããĻããäģŽåēĩãčĩˇãããããŽį ´ããįšããããŽåģåĸã垊čããæãŽæĨãŽãããĢãããåģēãĻį´ãããīŧ9 įĢ 11 į¯īŧã¨ããįŽæãŽåŧį¨ã§ããæ°į´čæ¸ã¯å°ãĒãã¨ããããã¯é¨åįãĢį°éĻäēēãŽæäŧãĢãããĻæå°ąãããã¨æãããĢããĻããžãããžããåããĒãšããĢã¤ããĻãŽããŧãã§ã¯ãčããæããšãč ãĢéĸããĻčĒãŖãĻãããããã¨ãĢæ¸ã§čĒãããčŗčæã§ããčãĒãå ´æãĢãåŊŧãįĢã¤ãã¨ãĢã¤ããĻã§ããããŽãã¨ã¯æ´å˛ãŽä¸ãŽããã¤ããŽæįšã§é¨åįãĢæå°ąãããžãããããŽæãéĄčãĒäžããĸãŗããŖãĒãŗãšãģã¨ãããĄããš (Antiochus Epiphanes) ãĢããŖãĻæå°ąãããã¨ãã§ãããžãããŽãã¨ãããããĢãŧ
(Hanukah)ããŽããŧããĢåé˛ãããĻããžãã
ã¨ãĢãĩãŦã ãĢįĨæŽŋãååģēãããæããšãããŽããããĢåģēãĻãããã¨ããĻãããããįŠįįãĒįĨæŽŋãĢéĸããĻčĩˇãããã¨ã§ãããããã¯ãã éįãĢčĩˇãããã¨ããĻãããã¨ãŽåæ ã§ãããĒããŽã§ããã¤ã¨ãšãååæļä¸ã§æģãã ã¨ããįĨæŽŋãŽåšã¯ä¸ããä¸ãĢčŖããžãããããŽãã¨ã¯įŊĒæˇąãäēēéã¨čãįĨã¨ãŽéãããããã¯ãįĄããĒãŖããã¨ãį¤ēããĻããžããįŠįįãĒåĨ补ã¯ããŽįŠįįãĒįĨæŽŋã§čĩˇãããžãããããããããã¯ä¸įĒ大åãĒãã¨ã§ã¯ãããžãããä¸įĒ大åãĒãã¨ã¯ããŽåĨ补ãčąĄåž´ããĻãããã¨ã§ããį§ããĄãŽå¤§įĨå¸ã§ããã¤ã§ãˇãĨãĸãįŊĒãŽãããĢãããããããããĢãäēēéã¯ãã¯ãįĨããéĸããĻã¯ããĒããŽã§ããããããŖãĻãčããæããšãč ãĢã¤ããĻãããŽéãã§ããæããšãããŽãäŊãããŽåŊĸã§įĨæŽŋãĢåģēãĻä¸ããããã¨ããĻãâį§ã¯ãããåŽéãĢčĩˇãããã¨ãįĸēäŋĄããĻããžããâããã¯ãã åãĢéįãĢčĩˇãããã¨ãŽåå ãĒãŽã§ããåããĒãšãã¯įĨãŽåŽļã§į¤ŧæããããããžããããŽãã¨ã¯åããĒãšããĢã¤ããĻãŽããŧãã§æąãããĻããžããããã§ã¯ãĸãŠã čĒã§ãŽčããæããšãč ãĢã¤ããĻčĒŦæããĻããžãã
ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã¯ä¸ģãŽåŽļã§åŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãžãããããä¸åēĻã8 įĢ 1 į¯ããå§ãžã 2
įĢ ãčĒãã§ãŋãžãããīŧ
ãįŦŦå åš´ãŽįŦŦå ãŽæãŽäēæĨãį§ãčĒåãŽåŽļãĢãããŖãĻããĻããĻããŽéˇčããĄãį§ãŽåãĢãããŖãĻããã¨ããįĨã§ããä¸ģãŽåžĄæãį§ãŽä¸ãĢä¸ãŖããį§ãčĻãã¨ãįĢãŽãããĢčĻããå§ŋãããŖããããŽč °ã¨čĻããæããä¸ãŽãģãã¯įĢã§ãããŽč °ããä¸ãŽãģãã¯éé ãŽčŧããŽãããĢčŧããĻčĻãããããã¨ãããŽæšã¯æãŽåŊĸãããããŽãäŧ¸ã°ããį§ãŽéĢĒãŽãĩããã¤ããã ãããã¨ãéãį§ãå°ã¨å¤Šã¨ãŽéãĢæãĄä¸ããįĨã ããåšģãŽããĄãĢį§ãã¨ãĢãĩãŦã ã¸æēãčĄãããããŋãåŧãčĩˇãããããŋãŽåļåãŽãããåãĢéĸããå åēãŽéãŽå ĨåŖãĢéŖããĻčĄãŖãããĒãã¨ããããĢã¯ãį§ããã¤ãĻč°ˇéã§čĻãå§ŋã¨åããããĒã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽįĨãŽæ å ãããŖããããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããäēēãŽåãããããįŽãä¸ããĻåãŽãģããčĻãããīŧįŊãã¯ãã¤ãåããããŖãĻæĨãžãīŧããã§ãį§ãįŽãä¸ããĻåãŽãģããčĻãã¨ãåãŽãģããŽįĨåŖãŽéãŽå ĨåŖãĢãããŋãŽåļåãããŖãããīŧ8 įĢ 1 į¯īŧ5 į¯īŧ
âäēēãŽåâã¨ã¯įĩæĢįãĒį§°åˇã§ãããäģãŽããšãĻãŽé č¨č ããĄã¨åãããã¤ã¨ãšãäŊãã
ãŽåŊĸã§į¤ēããĻããžããã¤ã¨ãšã¯įĩãããŽæäģŖãĢéĸããĻįĨãŽåã¨ã¯ä¸åēĻãåŧã°ããžããã§ãããåŊŧãŽåč¨ãĢã¤ããĻčĒãããĻããã¨ããããã¯ãã¤ãäēēãŽåãããŖãĻæĨãã¨æ¸ãããĻããžãã
ãããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããäēēãŽåããããĒãã¯åŊŧããŽããĻãããã¨ãčĻããããã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽåŽļã¯ãããããŽčæããé ãéĸãããã¨ããĻãããã§å¤§ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãããĻããã§ã¯ãĒãããããĒãã¯ãĒããžãã大ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ãããããīŧ8 įĢ 6 į¯īŧ
ãžããããĢãããĻããčããæããšãč ãį¤ēåãããĻããžãã
ããããããããŽæšã¯į§ãåēãŽå ĨåŖãĢéŖããĻčĄãŖããį§ãčĻãã¨ãåŖãĢä¸ã¤ãŽįŠ´ãããŖããããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããäēēãŽåãããããåŖãĢįŠ´ããããĻéãæããããį§ãåŖãĢįŠ´ããããĻéãæããã¨ãä¸ã¤ãŽå ĨåŖãããŖããããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããå ĨãŖãĻčĄããåŊŧããããã§ããĻããæĒãåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãããį§ãå ĨãŖãĻčĄãŖãĻčĻãã¨ããĒãã¨ãã¯ãããŽãåŋããšãįŖãŽããããåããã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽåŽļãŽããšãĻãŽåļåããåããŽåŖä¸éĸãĢåŊĢãããĻããããžããã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽåŽļãŽä¸åäēēãŽéˇčããããŽåãĢįĢãŖãĻãããããŽä¸ãĢã¯ãˇãŖããĄãŗãŽåã¤ãĸãļãã¤ãįĢãŖãĻããĻââåŊŧã¯ååããæãããĢããžãīŧââãåŊŧãã¯ãŋãĒããŽæãĢéĻįãæãĄãããŽéĻãŽæŋãé˛ãįĢãĄä¸ãŖãĻãããããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããäēēãŽåããããĒãã¯ãã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽåŽļãŽéˇčããĄãããŽããŽãæãæãããŽįŗåãŽé¨åąã§čĄãĒãŖãĻãããã¨ãčĻãããåŊŧãã¯ããä¸ģã¯į§ããĄãčĻãĻããããĒããä¸ģã¯ããŽåŊãčĻæ¨ãĻããããã¨č¨ãŖãĻãããããããĢãį§ãĢäģ°ããããããããĒãã¯ãĒããžããåŊŧããčĄãĒãŖãĻãã大ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ããããã¤ãã§ããŽæšã¯į§ããä¸ģãŽåŽŽãŽåãŽéãŽå ĨåŖã¸éŖããĻčĄãŖããããã¨ãããĢã¯ãåĨŗããĄããŋãŗã ãēãŽãããĢæŗŖããĒãããããŖãĻãããããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããäēēãŽåãããããčĻãã§ãããããããĒãã¯ãĒããžããããããã大ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ãããããããĻãããŽæšã¯į§ãä¸ģãŽåŽŽãŽå åēãĢéŖããĻčĄãŖãããīŧ8 įĢ 7 į¯īŧ16 į¯īŧ
æ§į´čæ¸ãŽä¸ã§ã¯ãįĨãŽåŽŽãé˛ãã§čĄããĢã¤ããĻãããĢčãå ´æãĢčŗããžãã
ãããã¨ãä¸ģãŽåŽŽãŽæŦå ãŽå ĨåŖãŽįéĸã¨įĨåŖã¨ãŽéãĢäēåäēäēēã°ãããŽäēēããããåŊŧãã¯ä¸ģãŽåŽŽãŽæŦå ãĢčãåããéĄãæąãŽãģããĢåããĻãæąãŽãģããŽå¤ĒéŊãæãã§ãããããŽæšã¯į§ãĢäģ°ããããããäēēãŽåããããĒãã¯ãããčĻããããĻããŽåŽļãĢã¨ãŖãĻãåŊŧããããã§ããĻãããããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ããããŽã¯ãããããĒãã¨ã ããããåŊŧãã¯ããŽå°ãæ´čã§æēãããããããŽæããããŖããé§ãįĢãĻãĻãããčĻããåŊŧãã¯ãļãŠããŽã¤ããčĒåããĄãŽéŧģãĢãããĻãããã ãããããããæ¤ãŖãĻäēãčĄãĒãããããã¯æããžããããããžãĒããåŊŧããããããŽčŗãĢ大åŖ°ã§åĢãã§ãããããã¯åŊŧããŽč¨ããã¨
ãčããĒãããããŽæšã¯į§ãŽčŗãĢ大åŖ°ã§åĢãã§äģ°ããããããããŽįēãįŊ°ããč ããĄãã
ããŽããŽį ´åŖããæĻå¨ãæãĢæãŖãĻčŋãĨããĻæĨãããčĻãã¨ãå äēēãŽįˇããããŽããŽæãĄãããæĻå¨ãæãĢæãŖãĻãåãĢéĸããä¸ãŽéãéãŖãĻããŖãĻæĨããããã˛ã¨ããŽäēēãäēéēģå¸ãŽčĄŖãįãč °ãĢã¯æ¸č¨ãŽįå Ĩããã¤ããĻãåŊŧããŽä¸ãĢãããåŊŧãã¯å ĨãŖãĻæĨãĻãéé ãŽįĨåŖãŽãã°ãĢįĢãŖãããâéé ãŽįĨåŖã¯ååæļãŽčąĄåž´ã§ãâãããŽã¨ãããąãĢããŽä¸ãĢããŖãã¤ãšãŠã¨ãĢãŽįĨãŽæ å ãããąãĢãããįĢãĄä¸ããįĨæŽŋãŽæˇåą ã¸åããŖãããããããč °ãĢæ¸č¨ãŽįå Ĩããã¤ããäēéēģå¸ãŽčĄŖãįãĻããč ãåŧãŗå¯ããĻãä¸ģã¯åŊŧãĢããäģ°ããããããįēãŽä¸ãã¨ãĢãĩãŦã ãŽä¸ãčĄãåˇĄããããŽįēã§čĄãĒãããĻããããšãĻãŽåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãŽãããĢåããæ˛ããã§ããäēēã ãŽéĄãĢããããã¤ãããããžããį§ãčããĻããã¨ããģããŽč ããĄãĢãããäģ°ããããããåŊŧãŽãã¨ãĢã¤ããĻįēãŽä¸ãčĄãåˇĄãŖãĻãæãĄæŽēããæããã§ã¯ãĒããĒããããããã§ã¯ãĒããĒãããīŧã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢ 8 įĢ 16 į¯īŧ
9 įĢ 5 į¯īŧ
įĨã¯ãčĒåãŽæ°ãĢåŽŗãåãŧããã¨ã訹ããžããã§ããããžããåŊŧã¯ãčĒåãŽč ãĢã¯ããããã¤ããæŽããŽč ã¯æãĻã¨åŊããžãããéģį¤ēé˛ã§ã¯ãæ¨ã ãĢåŽŗãå ããĒããããĢåŊããããĻããžããâãéãŽæ¨ã ããŋãĒãæãæãĄéŗ´ããããīŧã¤ãļ㤠55 įĢ 1 į¯īŧ2 į¯īŧâæ¨ã ã¯įĨãŽæ°ãčąĄåž´ããĻããžãããããã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã§ãčĩˇããŖããã¨ãĒãŽã§ãã
įĨã¯ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãåããåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãæŦĄã ãĢčĻããžãããããã¯ãžããžãæĒããĒãã°ããã§ãããåŊŧãæåãĢčĻãåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãĢæŗ¨įŽããĻãŋãžãããīŧãããŋãŽåļåãä¸ģãŽåŽļã§ãŽåļåį¤ŧæã§ãããããŠã¤čĒã§ãŽãį¤ŧæãããã¨ããč¨čã¯ãããˇãŖãŋã¯ã´ãĄãŧ(hishtakvya)ãã¨ãããä¸åŽčŠã§ã¯ãããšãŋãĢã´ãŠãŧã(Histachavot)ãããĒããĄãã˛ãäŧããã¨ãããã¨ã§ããčĒ°ã§ãåãåŊĢãããåļåãŽåãĢã˛ãäŧããæããĒãããã¯åļåį¤ŧæã§ãããã¤ãģãĢããĒãã¯ãããŧããģãĢããĒãã¯ãããããŽããŽã¯åļåį¤ŧæã§ãã
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ãããĒãã¯ãĒããžãã大ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ããããããŽæŦĄãĢįĨãã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãĢčĻãããããŽã¯ãŋãŗã ãēį¤ŧæã§ããããŋãŗã ãēã¯äšŗéŖ˛ãŋåãŽįĨã§ãããåŊŧãŽæ¯ã§ãããããŗããĢæąãããããããĻããžãããããŧããģãĢããĒãã¯ãŽãããŗãã¨åãŠãã¨ããčãã¯ããŋãŗã ãēį¤ŧæããĢããĒãã¯åããããŽã§ããããã§ãããããžãããã¨ãŦã㤠44 įĢ ã§ã¯ãåĨŗããĄã夊ãŽåĨŗįãŽãããĢããŗčåãįŧããĻããå æ¯ãĢåēããããžããããã¯ãĢããĒãã¯ãŽããĒãĸå´æã¨åãããŽã§ãããŋãŗã ãēãĢéĸããĻč¨ãã¨ãã¤ã¨ãšã¯įĄåãĒåšŧå ã¨ããĻæãããä¸æšã§ããŽæ¯ã¯åãŽããįŦįĢãã大äēēã¨ããĻ襨įžãããĻããžããããŽãããĒčããŽãã¨ãããĒãĸãį§ããĄãŽå ąéãŽč´ãä¸ģã§ãããå ąéãŽäģ˛äģč ã§ãããå ąéãŽæãä¸ģã§ããã¨ãĢããĒãã¯ã¯ä¸ģåŧĩããĻãããŽã§ããåŊŧåĨŗã¯äģãžã§åå¨ããåĨŗæ§ãŽä¸ã§æãå大ã§ãããã¨ã¯äēåŽã§ããããããåŊŧåĨŗčĒčēĢãæãä¸ģãåŋ čĻã§ããã¨č¨ããžããã
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ãããĒãã¯ãĒããžãã大ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ããããįĨã¯ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢãįéĸã¨įĨåŖãŽéãĢããå åēãĢéŖããĻčĄããžãããããã§åŊŧãčĻãããŽã¯å Ŧįļã¨å¤ĒéŊãæãč ããĄã§ããâå Ŧįļã¨äģãŽįĨã ãĢįĨãŖãĻãããŽã§ããããããŽããããŗãŽåŽæã¯åãĒãį¤ŧæäģĨä¸ãŽããŽãä¸åčĄãĒãŠããåĢãã§ããžããä¸åčĄã¨åļåį¤ŧæã¯å ąãĢčĩˇãããžããå¤äģŖãŽãĒãˇã¤ã§ã¯ããã¯įĨæŽŋå¨ŧåŠĻã§ããããããŽčĩˇæēã¯ãŽãĒãˇã¤äģĨåãĢãããŽãŧããžããį¤ŧæãŽä¸ã§ãŽæ§ãŽå čŊã§ãããĩãŋãŗå´æãĢãããããæã¤ããšãĻãŽæäēēåŧã¯ãäŊãããŽæ§įãĒååŧãåĢãã§ããžããããļãŠã (Rotherham)ãĢãããį§ãŽįĨãŖãĻããã¯ãĒãšããŖãŗåĨŗæ§ãŽå¨ã¯ããĩãŋãŗįãĒãĢãĢããĢåå ããĻããžãããããã§å¤§įĨå¸ããĩãŋãŗã¨éĸããæããããããåŊŧåĨŗãâįĩåŠâããããŽã§ããååŧãŽããšãĻãæ§įã§æąãããããã¨ã§æēãĄãĻããžãããããŽåĨŗæ§ã¯åŊįļãŽãã¨ãĒããã¨ãĻãåæēããĻããžããã
įļæŗã¯ãžããžãæĒåããĻãããžããæ°ã¯ãããįĄčĻããĻããžããããã¤ãļã¤ãã¨ãŦãã¤ãæĨãã¨ãåãããčĻåããĻããįĨãŽčŖããåŽįžããĻãããŽã§ããåŊŧãã¯æĨããšãčŖããåĻåŽããįŊĒãĢã¨ãŠãžãŖãĻããžãããããŽä¸æšã§ãæå°č ããĄã¯ãããĢįĢãĄãããã¯ãä¸ģã¯ããããŽãã¨ããæŦåŊãĢã¯æ°éŖãŖãĻããããĒããããšãĻã¯ã˛ãŧã ãĒãŽã ããã ããã¯į§ããĄãŽäģäēãĒãŽã ããããã¨č¨ããžããččˇč ãŽä¸ãŽå¤ããŽããĢãŋã¤ã ãŽåĨäģč ããĄãâåŊŧããŽä¸ãĢã¯įĻéŗæ´žãããžããâåĨäģããã ãŽčˇæĨãĢãããĒããĒãŖãĻãããŽã§ããåĨäģã¯äģäēãĢãĒãŖãĻããĻãåŦåŊã§ããĒããæ įąãããŖãĻããããŽã§ããĒããįĨã夊čˇã¨ããĻä¸ããããŽã§ã¯ãĒããĒãŖãĻãããŽã§ãããã åŊŧããŽįžŠåãĢãĒãŖãĻããžãŖãĻããžãã
æįĩįãĢįĨã¯č¨ãããžãããįåŽãĢããããŽããŽã§ããč ããĄãĢããããã¤ãããããã¯ãæãŋã¯ãĒããĒããžãããįĨã¯ããŽãããĒãã¨ãčĻãĻåããĻããč äģĨå¤ããããããã¨ãæãããã¨ããĒããĒããŽã§ããįĨã¯ã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã夊ãĢãžã§ä¸ããĻãããããŽčæãčĻããããč¨ãããã¨ãåŊŧã¯čĄæãåããžããããžããįĨã¯ããžããããĢã¯ããĒããčĻãããŽãčĻãã˛ãŠãéŠããč ããĄãããĻãåŊŧãã¯ããããŽåŽļã§åŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĄãããĻãããŽãčĻãĻåããĻãããŽã ãããŽåļåį¤ŧæãä¸åčĄããžãåŊŧããŽæå°č ããĄčĒčēĢãæ°ãåŧãčžŧãã§ãããŽãåããĻãããããããŽč ããĄãĢã¯ããããã¤ãããããããããããčŖãã¯ä¸ããã¨ããĻããããããĢããĒãã¯åŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻããã¨ãĢãĒãã ãããã¨č¨ããã
ãäēēãŽåããããĒãã¯åŊŧããčĄãŖãĻãããã¨ãčĻãããåŋãŋããããšããã¨ããããĢčĻã
ãã¨ãĢãĒããã¨ä¸ģã¯č¨ãããžãã
įŊéčĄãčĄãč ãæ´å˛ä¸åããĻãã¤ãŽãĒãšãŽå¤§åĻã§å¤įĨæãŽããŖããŦãŗãĢãĒããžãããããšãŧãļãŗãģãŠããŧãŗ(Susan Ladourne)ããĒãŧãē大åĻã§ããĒãĢãĢããäŋĄããįåžããĢãĻãŗãģãĒ
ãŗã°ãããããĢčˇåãåŧãįļãã ã29 æŗãŽéčĄå¸Ģã¯ãéčĄãå¤įĨæãŽååŧãį¤ŧæãããŖãĻãįåžãæå°ãããã ããããããããããããĢåŋãŋããããšããã¨ããį§ããĄã¯čĻãžããä¸äŊãŠãŽãããĒããŽãĒãŽã§ããããīŧįĨå¸ããĄâįĨčãæãĄåãããĻããã¯ããŽč âãä¸åčĄãĢčēĢããžãããéčĄãåãå ĨããĻãããŽã§ããããã§ãããåŊæäŧãŽããŖããŦãŗã§ãããĩã¤ãĸãŗãģãããŗãŊãŗį§å¸Ģ(Rev. Simon Robinson)ã¯éčĄå¸ĢãĢãæãããšãåŊšå˛ãããã¨ããĻãããåãå ĨããæŦĄãŽãããĢč¨ããžãããį§ããĄã¯ãã§ãĢããžããžãĒåŽæããããŖããŦãŗãæĄį¨ããĻããããįĨå¸ããĄã¯åŋãŋããããšããã¨ãåļåį¤ŧæãčĄãããĻããä¸ãéĻãæãĄįĢãŖãĻããžãããåŊŧãã¯ã大ä¸å¤ĢãįĨã¯čĻãĻã¯ããĒããã¨č¨ããŽã§ããããããžããĢã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢæ¸ãĢãããĻčĩˇããŖãĻãããã¨ã§ãããįĨã¯čĻãĻã¯ããĒããã¨ãŗããã ã¯č¨ããåãäēããŦãäēēãč¨ããžããããžããããã¯ã¤ãŽãĒãšåŊæäŧãŽččˇč ãäģæĨč¨ãŖãĻãããã¨ãĒãŽã§ãã
ãããĒãã¯ãĒããžããããããŽåŽļã§å¤§ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ããããã¨ä¸ģã¯č¨ãããžããã¨ãŧã¯ãˇãŖãŧãģã¤ãããŗã°ãģããšã(Yorkshire Evening Post)ãĢããã¨ãä¸įˇãĢäŊããã¨ã¯ãã¯ãįŊĒã§ã¯ãĒãâã¤ãŽãĒãšåŊæäŧã¯åŽļæãŽäžĄå¤čĻŗãĢã¤ããĻå§ŋåĸãä¸å¤ããããããĒãŽã§ããį§ã¯įŊĒãŽä¸ãĢįããĻããžãããã¤ã¨ãšãį§ãŽåŋãŽä¸ãĢå ĨãŖãĻããã¨ããį§ã¯ããĨãŧã¨ãŧã¯ãĢäŊãã§ããĻãåãããŽéããĢãããã¨ãĻãé åįãĒãĸãĄãĒãĢįŗģã¤ãŋãĒãĸäēēãŽåĨŗæ§ã¨æŽãããĻããžãããããŽã¨ããį§ã¯æŽããŽčŦįŠãåããįĒãã 20 éä¸ãĢæãæ¨ãĻãžããīŧããããŦãŧãã¸čĄã大äŊŋãæžãŖãĻãčĒåãŽããŽãĢããã¨æããžãīŧããããĻã¸ãĨãŧãēãģããŠãŧãģã¸ãŧãļãš(Jews for Jesus)ãŽåŊæãĒãŧããŧã ãŖããĩã ãģãĄãŧããŠãŧ(Sam Madler)ãį§ãĢč¨ããžããããããĒãã¯įĩåŠããããããããåēãĻãããããĒããã°ãĒããĒãããã¨ããããĒãããĄãä¸įˇãĢå¯ãĻããĒãã¨ããĻããįŊĒããããããĢčĻããããĒããŽč¨ŧãå°įĄããĢãããã¨ãĢãĒãããããã§į§ã¯åŊŧåĨŗãããĒãšããĢå°ããžãããããč¨ŧã¨äŋĄäģ°ãäŋã¨ãã¨ããĻį§ã¯å¯ä¸ãŽé¸æčĸãé¸ãŗãžãããã¤ãžãåŊŧåĨŗãĢåēãĻãããããĢåãããŽã§ãã
ããã§č¨ããããŽã¯ãį§ãããĻãããã¨ãééãŖãĻããã¨č¨ãããĻãã¯ãĒãšããŖãŗã¨ããĻããŽãžãžããŖãĻãããĒããŖãã¨ãããã¨ã§ãããįĩåŠãããšãĻãŽäēēãĢå°ã°ãããããĢããĒãããå¯åēãæąããĻã¯ãããžããããīŧãããĢ 13 įĢ 4 į¯īŧâããåŊŧåĨŗã¨ã¯ããããå ąãĢããĒãã¨ããĻããããã¯įŊĒãŽãããĢčĻããã¨č¨ããããŽã§ããč¨ŧããįļããĻããį§ãŽéŖäēēããĄã¯ãåŊŧåĨŗã¨å¯ãĻããĒãã¨ãããã¨ãäŋĄãã¯ããĒããŖãã§ãããããããįžå¨ãã¤ãŽãĒãšåŊæäŧã¯ä¸įˇãĢäŊããã¨ã¯ãã¯ãįŊĒã§ã¯ãĒãã¨č¨ãŖãĻãããŽã§ããį§ã¯įĻéŗä¸ģįžŠãĢãĒãšãæ´žã§ããã¨čããĻãããã¸ã§ãŧã¸ãģãĢãŧãŦã¤(George Carey)大įŖįŖãŽãå ŦåŧãŽã¤ãŽãĒãšãŽäŊæã§ãããŠãŗããŧãåŽé¸ãĢéģ芹ããããžãããį§ã¯éģ芹ãããããčŋããĻããããããĄããģãŧã¸ãæŽããžãããåŊŧãã¯į§ãäŊãæãã§ãããŽãįĨããããŖãĻãããŽã§ããįĩåŠãããšãĻãŽäēēãĢå°ã°ãããããĢããĒãããå¯åēãæąããĻã¯ãããžããããã¨ããæ°į´čæ¸ãŽįŽæããããŽãĢããŠãããŖãĻįĩåŠãããĢå¯åēãčãäŋãĻããŽãã¨å¤§įŖįŖãĢčããžãããããããã¨ãã
ããŽčŋäēã¯ä¸åæĨãĻããžããã
ãããĒãã¯ãĒããžããããããŽåŽļã§å¤§ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ããããã¨ä¸ģã¯č¨ãããžãããŽãĒãˇã¤čĒãŽãããĸãã¤(demonoi)ãã¨ãããŠã¤čĒãŽããˇã§ããŖã (shedim)ãã¯ã
1 ãŗãĒãŗãã¨įŗåŊč¨ã§äŊŋãããĻããĻãäģãŽįĨã ãæĒéããĄãŽãã¨ãčŋ°ãšãĻããžããæ§į´ã¨æ°į´ã¯ãŠãĄãããããåããĻããžããã¨ãŧãã¨ãĢã¯ã¯ãããŽãæĒéãĒãŠãŽãˇã§ããŖã ããįĨãŽčæãä¸ģãŽåŽļã§å´ããããĻãããŽãčĻãžããããĢãŗãŋããĒãŧ大čå ãĢčĄããčĒåčĒčēĢãŽįŽã§į°æåžãŽéã§ãĒãããĻããį¤ŧæãčĻãĻãã ããããĸãŗãģãĢã ãģããŖããĢ(Anselm
Chapel)ãĢčĄããäģæåžãã¤ãšãŠã æåžãããŗããĨãŧæåžããˇãŧã¯æåžãĒãŠãŽį¤ŧæã§æēĸããĻããĻãâã¯ãĒãšããŖãŗâããĄããããåãå ĨããĻãããŽãčĻãĻãã ããããããĒãã¯ãĒããžãã大ããĒåŋãŋããããšããã¨ãčĻãã ãããã